各国奥运金牌奖金谁最多？| 外刊精读

Original 薄文译介 2022-06-09

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奥运赛场运动员们收入多少？

中国运动员拿到金牌奖金网传过千万？

在大家为比赛热血沸腾时，

不少人也对运动员的收入产生了好奇。

而不同国家、不同运动、不同选手之间的收入又各有不同。

今天的文章选自Newsweek，让我们一窥运动健儿的收入。

要点

“人生巅峰”如何表达？

“鲜为人知” 还是 “臭名昭著”？

“奖牌获得者” 怎么说？

带着问题去精读

*本文中原文及部分例句翻译均采用机翻+人工编辑，仅供参考。不当之处欢迎大家在评论区讨论

精读原文

Participating at the Olympics, let alone winning a medal represents a career pinnacle for the overwhelming majority of athletes.

参加奥运会，更不用说赢得奖牌了，对绝大多数运动员来说，这代表着职业生涯的巅峰。

📒 精读解析：

1、Let alone

更不用说，更谈不上（常用在否定句之后）

外媒在介绍BLM事件时就用到了这个词：

TE：Historically it has been rare for serving police officers to be prosecuted (let alone successfully) for killing in the course of their work. （20210422）

从历史上看，现役警察因在工作中杀人而被起诉（更不用说起诉成功）的情况很少。

2、Pinnacle

the most successful, powerful, exciting etc part of something 巅峰；顶点；鼎盛时期

[例句] She had reached the pinnacle of her political career. 她已经达到政治生涯的顶峰。

*除了pinnacle之外，我们还可以用summit来表示顶峰

the summit of something

the greatest amount or highest level of something 某事物的顶峰，某事物的极点

*在东京奥运会中马龙获得男单金牌，成为首位男单双冠军，走上自己的事业巅峰。

（大家试着来造个句子吧~欢迎评论区见）

3、Overwhelming

very large or greater, more important etc than any other 巨大的，压倒性的

[例句] An overwhelming majority of the members were against the idea. 占压倒性多数的成员反对这项主张。

*这个词的动词形式overwhelm是新冠疫情相关文章的常客了，非常重要。比如当时印度疫情突然爆发，形容医院爆满，应接不暇，就可以用这个词。

Overwhelm : 〔问题等〕使无法解决，使应接不暇，压垮

TE: Although they do not seem to be more deadly, they are a lot more contagious, threatening to overwhelm hospitals with patients too numerous to be treated. (20210731)

尽管它们似乎并不更致命，但它们的传染性要强得多，有可能使医院因病人太多无法治疗而不堪重负。

精读原文

From already established stars to the average next door man or woman who compete in relatively obscure events, athletes work for four years in the hope of taking a gold medal home with them.

从已家喻户晓的明星，到参加相对小众且不知名运动项目的普通邻家男女，运动员们为此努力了四年，都希望能带着一块金牌回家。

📒精读解析：

1、Established

known to do a particular job well, because you have done it for a long time 资深的

*此处的establish并不是“建立”的意思，而是指“专业的，资深的”，在这里还要跟大家分享establishment很特别的意思

[拓展] establishment

(often disapproving) the people in a society or a profession who have influence and power and who usually do not support change（通常反对变革的）当权派，权势集团；（统称）权威人士；统治集团，权势集团

[搭配] the medical/military/political, etc. establishment医学界、军界、政界等当权派

[例句] We are not only taking on the corporate establishment, we're taking on the political establishment. 我们不仅要与企业建制派较量，还要与政治建制派较量。

[复习] 说到行业大佬，大家还记得我们在之前的推送中讲到的一些说法吗？

行业巨头：giant/ heavyweight/ bigwig/ tycoon

欢迎查阅复习

贝索斯上天，遭马斯克嘲讽

2、Obscure

not well known and usually not very important 无名的；微贱的；鲜为人知的（在本句中指一些小比赛）

[例句] an obscure German poet一个名不见经传的德国诗人

[补充] obscure还可以作动词“搞混”或者形容词“晦涩的，费解的”

v. to make it difficult to see, hear or understand something使模糊；使隐晦；使费解

[例句] We mustn't let these minor details obscure the main issue.我们不能让枝节问题掩盖主要问题

a. difficult to understand费解的；难以理解的

[例句] For some obscure reason, he failed to turn up.他莫名其妙地没有如期露面。

权力的游戏第六季第6集: 吾血之血

3、In the hope of 希望……

*我们在之前的推送中讲到过in the pursuit of 都是通过名词结构表达动词含义，大家知道英语一句话只能有一个谓语动词，用这样的小结构就可以多一个动词含义，值得学习

（With banners displaying photos of a 2-year-old boy flying from the back of his bike, he traveled more than 300,000 miles, all in pursuit of one goal: finding his kidnapped son.）

精读原文

So, do Olympic athletes get paid?

Here's a breakdown of what athletes can expect to make at the upcoming Tokyo 2020 Olympics.

那么，奥运会运动员有工资吗？

以下是运动员在即将到来的2020年东京奥运会上可望获得的收入明细。

*以美国为例，我们也查找了相关资料，下文还包括中国这边的奖金情况。

📒精读解析：

1、Breakdown

detailed information that you get by studying a set of figures数字细目；分类

*此处表示要向大家介绍运动员的收入细节了，用到了breakdown。在这里不是我们熟知的“故障、损坏”的意思。同样活用的小词还有一个《大西洋月刊》2020年9月刊的一篇文章，叫做 Anatomy of an American Failure

在这篇文章中作者尽数在抗击疫情方面美国如何用最好的牌打出最差的结果，标题直接了用Anatomy来表示“对某事物的剖析”，同样跟我们熟知的“解剖”的含义不同。这两个词breakdown和anatomy送给大家

[释义] a study or examination of an organization, process etc in order to understand and explain how it works

精读原文

Quantifying the amount U.S. athletes make is notoriously difficult, as the amount they can take home can vary depending on the contribution of national governing bodies under the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC) program. For example, U.S. swimmers who are ranked in the top 16 in the world in an Olympic event earn approximately $40,000 a year from USOPC in the form of an athlete partnership agreement. Others, such a U.S. figure skater Adam Rippon, can struggle to make ends meet despite being at the very top of their sports.

量化美国运动员的收入是出了名的困难，因为他们能带回家的金额会根据美国奥林匹克和残疾人奥林匹克委员会（USOPC）计划下的国家管理机构的贡献而有所不同。例如，在奥运项目中排名世界前16位的美国游泳运动员以运动员合作协议的形式每年从USOPC获得约40,000美元。其他人，如美国花样滑冰运动员亚当·理邦(Adam Rippon)，尽管处于其运动的顶峰，但也会为生计而挣扎。

📒精读解析：

[句解] 本段的结构非常清晰：先概括（量化收入很难）原因状语从句解释原因（贡献不同，收入不同）正反举例佐证（有人拿钱多，有人勉强够用）

1、Notoriously

in a way that is well known for being bad声名狼藉的；臭名昭著的

*我们可以看到中文释义的两个词语更倾向于形容人，而且感情色彩很重。但是我们看英文释义可以发现，就是相当于famous+bad 如果形容不好的事情出了名，我们就可以用notorious。本句中就是指“出了名的难”，那么在形容其他数理学科中的难题我们也可以用到这个词，比如：

[例句] Mountain weather is notoriously difficult to predict.山地气候难以预料是人所共知的。

2、USOPC

指 the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee

3、Figure skating 花样滑冰

4、Make ends meet

to have only just enough money to buy the things you need 使收支仅能相抵

TE：Many of them are struggling to make ends meet themselves. Some are being forced to sell off properties to cut their losses. （20210513）

他们中的许多人都在为自己的生计而挣扎。一些人被迫卖掉房产以减少损失。

怦然心动 Flipped

5、 At the very top of

上文中提到了pinnacle，我们补充了summit,此处用了top也表示处于顶尖水平。

精读原文

According to the USOPC website, U.S. Olympians will earn $37,500 for each gold medal at the 2020 Olympics, $22,500 for a silver medal and $15,000 for a bronze medal—the pot is split evenly for team sports.

根据USOPC的网站，美国奥运选手在2020年奥运会上每获得一枚金牌将获得37,500美元，银牌22,500美元，铜牌15,000美元——团体项目的奖金是平均分配的。

📒精读解析：

1、The pot

money that is available to do something, especially money that people have collected 凑集的资金

[补充] the pot calling the kettle black 锅笑壶黑，五十步笑百步，乌鸦说猪黑

（used to say that you should not criticize somebody for a fault that you have yourself）

精读原文

While medal bonuses for the upcoming Olympics in countries other than the U.S. remain largely undisclosed, personal finance site Money Under 30 gathered data on Olympic medal bonuses at the Rio Olympics in 2016 and the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang two years later.

Singapore came out on top, with $1 million in prize money for the gold medalists, with a silver and a bronze medal returning $500,000 and $250,000 respectively. Indonesia offered $746,000 to its gold medalists, $378,000 to silver medalists and $188,000 to bronze medalists, while Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan rewarded their gold medalists with bonuses of $250,000 and $248,000 respectively.

虽然美国以外的国家在即将举行的奥运会的奖牌奖金基本上没有披露，但个人理财网站Money Under 30 收集了2016年里约奥运会和两年后的平昌冬奥会的奥运奖牌奖金数据。

新加坡名列前茅，为金牌得主提供了100万美元的奖金，银牌和铜牌的奖金分别为50万美元和25万美元。印度尼西亚为其金牌获得者提供74.6万美元，银牌获得者提供37.8万美元，铜牌获得者提供18.8万美元，而哈萨克斯坦和阿塞拜疆分别为其金牌获得者提供25万美元和24.8万美元的奖金。

*编者注：我们查证了一下新加坡的金牌选手奖金应该是100万新币，差不多是500万人民币左右，其他奖金额度排在相对靠前的分别为马来西亚100万林吉特(约200万元)，其后依次为泰国（203万元）、希腊（190万元）、拉脱维亚（120万元）、俄罗斯（107万元）位列第8位。

*当然，也有不少国家的运动员黯然落泪退役，原因是缺经费，比如希腊举重运动员西奥多罗斯无奈退役，根据他的描述，从事职业运动员以来就基本没有收入，唯一的收入就是为了参赛准备每月从体育联合会那里领取200欧元。然而这点收入对于西奥多罗斯来说很多时候都入不敷出，光是物理治疗的费用就已经超过了200欧元。除此之外，西奥多罗斯还透露有时候他的车子在去训练的路上没油了，自己不得不下车步行前往训练。

📒 精读解析：

*本段主要供大家做阅读补充，了解一下各国的奖金情况。

注意，奖牌的获得者直接用medalist就可。Gold/silver/bronze medalist

精读原文

The discrepancy, of course, could largely be attributed to the fact U.S. athletes have a far bigger chance to win an Olympic medal than some of their counterparts due to the size of the Olympic contingent. For example, at the Rio Olympics the U.S. topped the medal table with a total of 121 medals, including 46 gold. Singapore and Indonesia, on the other hand, won a combined total of four games with one gold each.

当然，这种差异在很大程度上可以归因于这样一个事实：由于奥运代表团的规模，美国运动员赢得奥运奖牌的机会远远大于其他国家的选手。例如，在里约奥运会上，美国共获得121枚奖牌，包括46枚金牌，位居奖牌榜榜首。而新加坡和印度尼西亚则总共赢得了四场比赛，各得一金。

📒精读解析：

[段落] 本段介绍了为什么各国之间的奖励会有如此不同，相比之下美国获得奖牌更容易，奖励也就越少；而对于一些国家来说每次获得奖牌很少，所以奖金也就越高。

1、Discrepancy

a difference between two or more things that should be the same差异；不符合；不一致

[搭配]discrepancy in / between

西部世界第一季第10集: 二分心

2、Be attributed to

to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something 把…归因于…

[例句] She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.她认为她的成功来自勤劳和一点运气。

*表示原因我们还可以用owe to和thanks to 来表示

3、Counterparts

someone or something that has the same job or purpose as someone or something else in a different place 职务相当的人；作用相当的事物

*这个词来表示对应的另一方，感情色彩很轻，在翻译中用到可以避免不必要的倾向，保持中立，值得学习

4、Contingent

a group of people who all have something in common, such as their nationality, beliefs etc, and who are part of a larger group 代表团

[补充] 本词作形容词还可以表示“依情况而变的，视条件而定的”depending on something that may happen in the future

[例句] Further investment is contingent upon the company’s profit performance.

进一步的投资取决于公司的利润情况。

5、Topped

在这里我们总结一下本文中关于排名的表达:

本段中是 topped the medal table “位居榜首”

第五段 came out on top “名列前茅”

第四段 are ranked in the top 16 "位列前16"

精读原文

The majority of Olympic athletes earn their living to a combination of sponsorships and commercial endorsements, supplemented by their medal bonuses and, in certain cases, annual stipends. An athlete "marketability", however, largely depends on their profile, which is almost always strictly connected to their sport.

大多数奥林匹克运动员靠赞助和商业代言来谋生，再加上奖牌奖金和某些情况下的年度津贴作为补充。然而，运动员的 "市场能力 "在很大程度上取决于他们的形象，这几乎总是与他们的运动项目紧密相连。

📒精读解析：

[段落] 本段介绍了运动员的其他挣钱渠道，除了奖金，还有自身名气带来的商业代言和赞助。

1、Sponsorship

financial support for an activity or event 〔对活动或赛事的〕赞助，资助

2、Commercial endorsement

if a famous person endorses a product or service, they say in an advertisement that they use and like it 〔名人在广告中〕宣传〔某一产品或服务〕

*endorse 还可以指“背书”，这个词在当时总统大选中比较常见

3、Annual stipend

Stipend: an amount of money paid regularly to someone, especially a priest, as a salary or as money to live on 〔尤指给牧师的〕薪俸，生活津贴

中国选手获得金牌的奖金情况

体育总局奖金：